Sigiriya Rock Fortress


         In the northern Matale District in the Central Province of Sri Lanka, close to the town of Dambulla, is the ancient rock stronghold known as Sigiriya or Sinhagiri, also known as the Lion Rock. It is a significant historical and archaeological location that is dominated by a 180 m (590 ft) tall rock column. It's possible that people have lived in the vicinity of Sigiriya from prehistoric times. There is no doubt that Buddhist monks and ascetics lived in the numerous rock shelters and caves around as early as the third century BC. The Aligala rock shelter to the east of Sigiriya Rock is the earliest indication of human settlement there, showing that the area was inhabited almost 5,000 years ago during the Mesolithic Period. Up to the fourteenth century, it was utilized as a Buddhist monastery. Today, Sigiriya is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. One of the outstanding instances of ancient city layout still exists today.

             In the third century BC, Buddhist monastic communities were founded on the western and northern slopes of the boulder-strewn hills that surrounded the Sigiriya rock. During this time, numerous rock caves or shelters were built. These cave openings were surrounded by carved drip ledges, and shelters were built below big stones. Many of the shelters include rock carvings at the drip ledges that chronicle the giving of the shelters to the Buddhist monastic order as homes. Between the third century BCE and the first century AD, these were created.

 
           One of the most significant features of the site is its gardens, which rank among the oldest designed gardens in the world. Water gardens, cave and boulder gardens, and terraced gardens are the three separate but related categories that make up the gardens. The natural hill at the base of the Sigiriya rock is what gives the tiered gardens their shape. The boulder garden's paths and the stairways on the rock are connected by a succession of terraces. These are arranged roughly in a concentric circle around the rock and were built by building brick walls. The limestone stairway that runs through the terraced gardens creates the route. The topmost terrace, where the lion staircase is located, can be reached through a covered route that runs down the edge of the cliff.




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